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Version: 0.16.16

How to connect to a PostgreSQL database

In this guide we will demonstrate how to connect Great Expectations to data in a PostgreSQL database. We will demonstrate how to create a PostgreSQL Datasource. With our PostgreSQL Datasource we will then show the methods for connecting to data in a PostgreSQL table and connecting to data from a PostgreSQL query.

Prerequisites​

Steps​

1. Import GX and instantiate a Data Context​

The code to import Great Expectations and instantiate a Data Context is:

import great_expectations as gx

context = gx.get_context()

2. Determine your connection string​

For this example we will use a connection string to connect to our PostgreSQL database. In PostgreSQL, connection strings are formatted like:


Is there a more secure way to store my credentials than plain text in a connection string?

We recommend that database credentials be stored in the config_variables.yml file, which is located in the uncommitted/ folder by default, and is not part of source control. The following lines add database credentials under the key db_creds.

YAML file contents
db_creds:
  drivername: postgres
  host: '<your_host_name>'
  port: '<your_port>'
  username: '<your_username>'
  password: '<your_password>'
  database: '<your_database_name>'

For additional options on configuring the config_variables.yml file or additional environment variables, please see our guide on how to configure credentials.

3. Create a PostgreSQL Datasource​

Creating a PostgreSQL Datasource is as simple as providing the add_postgres(...) method a name by which to reference it in the future and the connection_string with which to access it.

datasource_name = "my_datasource"
my_connection_string = (
    "postgresql+psycopg2://<username>:<password>@<host>:<port>/<database>"
)

With these two values, we can create our Datasource:

datasource = context.sources.add_postgres(
    name=datasource_name, connection_string=my_connection_string
)

4. Connect to a specific set of data with a Data Asset​

Now that our Datasource has been created, we will use it to connect to a specific set of data in the database it is configured for. This is done by defining a Data Asset in the Datasource. A Datasource may contain multiple Data Assets, each of which will serve as the interface between GX and the specific set of data it has been configured for.

With SQL databases, there are two types of Data Assets that can be used. The first is a Table Data Asset, which connects GX to the data contained in a single table in the source database. The other is a Query Data Asset, which connects GX to the data returned by a SQL query. We will demonstrate how to create both of these in the following steps.

How many Data Assets can my Datasource contain?

Although there is no set maximum number of Data Assets you can define for a datasource, there is a functional minimum. In order for GX to retrieve data from your Datasource you will need to create at least one Data Asset.

5. (Optional) Connect a Data Asset to the data in a table​

We will indicate a table to connect to with a Table Data Asset. This is done by providing the add_table_asset(...) method a name by which we will reference the Data Asset in the future and a table_name to specify the table we wish the Data Asset to connect to.

asset_name = "my_table_asset"
asset_table_name = "postgres_taxi_data"

With these two values, we can create our Data Asset:

table_asset = datasource.add_table_asset(name=asset_name, table_name=asset_table_name)

6. (Optional) Connect a Data Asset to the data returned by a query​

To indicate the query that provides data to connect to we will define a Query Data Asset. This done by providing the add_query_asset(...) method a name by which we will reference the Data Asset in the future and a query which will provide the data we wish the Data Asset to connect to.

asset_name = "my_query_asset"
asset_query = "SELECT * from postgres_taxi_data"

Once we have these two values, we can create our Data Asset with:

query_asset = datasource.add_query_asset(name=asset_name, query=asset_query)

7. (Optional) Repeat steps 5 and 6 as needed to connect to additional tables or queries​

If you wish to connect to additional tables or queries in the same PostgreSQL Database, simply repeat the step above to add them as additional Data Assets.

Next steps​

Now that you have connected to a PostgreSQL database and created a Data Asset, you may want to look into:

Configuring SQL Data Assets further​

Requesting Data from a Data Asset​

Using Data Assets to create Expectations​